Communication

Communication is a process that allows organisms to exchange information by several methods. Communication requires that all parties understand a common language that is exchanged. There are auditory means, such as speaking or singing, and nonverbal, physical means, such as body language, sign language, paralanguage, touch, eye contact, or the use of writing.

Communication happens at many levels (even for one single action), in many different ways, and for most beings, as well as certain machines. Several, if not all, fields of study dedicate a portion of attention to communication, so when speaking about communication it is very important to be sure about what aspects of communication one is speaking about. Definitions of communication range widely, some recognizing that animals can communicate with each other as well as human beings, and some are narrower, only including human beings within the parameters of human symbolic interaction.

Nonetheless, communication is usually described along a few major dimensions:

1. Content (what type of things are communicated)
2. Source (by whom)
3. Form (in which form)
4. Channel (through which medium)
5. Destination/Receiver (to whom)
6. Purpose/Pragmatic aspect (with what kind of results).

Gear

A gear is a wheel with teeth around its circumference, the purpose of the teeth being to mesh with similar teeth on another mechanical device possibly another gear wheel so that force can be transmitted between the two strategies in a direction tangential to their surfaces. A non-toothed wheel can transmit some tangential force but will slip if the force is large; teeth put off slippage and permit the transmission of large forces.

A gear can mesh with any device having teeth friendly with the gear's teeth. Such devices include racks and other non-rotating policy; however, the most common condition is for a gear to be in mesh with another gear. In this case revolution of one of the gears necessarily causes the other gear to rotate. In this way, rotational motion can be transferred from one position to another. While gears are sometimes used simply for this reason to transmit rotation to another shaft perhaps their most significant feature is that, if the gears are of asymmetrical sizes, a mechanical advantage is also achieved, so that the rotational speed, and torque, of the second gear are dissimilar from that of the first. In this way, gears provide a means of increasing or decreasing a turning speed, or a torque.

Indicator

Dial indicators are instruments used to correctly measure a small distance. They may also be known as a Dial gauge, Dial Test Indicator, or as a clock. They are named so because the measurement results are displayed in a overstated way by means of a dial. They may be used to check the dissimilarity in tolerance during the check process of a machined part, measure the deflection of a beam or ring under laboratory conditions, as well as many other situations where a small measurement needs to be registered or indicated.

An economic indicator is a statistic concerning the economy. The lighting system of a motor vehicle consists of lighting and signaling procedure mounted or integrated to the front, sides and rear of the vehicle. The purpose of this system is to present illumination for the driver to operate the vehicle safely after dark, to increase the visibility of the vehicle, and to display information about the vehicle's presence, position, size, direction of travel, and driver's intentions concerning direction and speed of travel.

Software

Software, consisting of programs, enables a computer to perform specific tasks, as opposed to its physical components which can only do the responsibilities they are mechanically designed for. The term includes application software such as word processors which perform helpful tasks for users, system software such as operating systems, which interface with hardware to run the necessary services for user-interfaces and applications, and middleware which controls and co-ordinates distributed system.
Computer software has to be loaded into the computer's storage space (memory or RAM). Once the software is loaded, the computer is able to implement the software. Computers control by executing the computer program. This involves passing instructions from the application software, through the system software, to the hardware which finally receives the instruction as machine code. Each instruction causes the computer to carry out an operation moving data, transport out a computation, or altering the control flow of instructions.

Animals

Animals are a major group of generally motile, multicultural organisms that feed by consuming material from other living things. Their body plan becomes fixed as they develop, usually early on in their development as embryos, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on.

The word "animal" comes from the Latin word animal, of which animal is the plural, and is derived from anima, meaning vital breath or soul. In everyday colloquial usage, the word usually refers to non-human animals. The biological definition of the word refers to all members of the Kingdom Animalia. Therefore, when the word animal is used in a biological context, humans are included.

Fox

Fox is a name applied to any one of generally 27 species of small to medium-sized canids, with sharp skin and a shaggy tail or brush. By far the most common and prevalent species of fox is the red fox, although various species are found on almost every continent. The incidence of fox-like carnivores all over the globe has led to their emergence in the popular culture and folklore of many nations, tribes, and other enriching groups.

Most foxes live 2 to 3 years, but they can survive for up to 10 years or even longer in confinement. Foxes are generally smaller than other members of the family Canidae such as wolves, jackals, and domestic dogs. Fox-like features naturally include an acute muzzle and thick tail. Other physical characteristics vary according to their territory. For example, the fennec has large ears and short coat, whereas the Arctic fox has small ears and thick, insulating hair.

Another example is the red fox which has a typical auburn pelt, the tail normally ending with white marking. Unlike many canids, foxes are regularly not set animals. Typically, they are private, opportunistic feeders that hunt live prey. Using a pouncing technique practiced from an early age, they are usually able to kill their prey speedily. Foxes also gather a wide variety of other foods ranging from grasshoppers to fruit and berries.

Foxes are usually extremely wary of humans and are not kept as pets; however, the silver fox was productively domesticated in Russia after a 45 year selective propagation program. This selective breeding also resulted in physical and behavioural traits appearing that are recurrently seen in domestic cats, dogs, and other animals: pigmentation changes, floppy ears, and curly tails.

DVD

DVD (also known as "Digital Versatile Disc") is a popular ocular disc storage media format. Its main uses are video and data storeroom. Most DVDs are of the same dimensions as compact discs (CDs) but store more than six times as much records.

Variations of the term DVD often depict the way data is stored on the discs: DVD-ROM has data which can only be read and not written, DVD-R and DVD+R can be written once and then functions as a DVD-ROM, and DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, or DVD+RW holds data that can be erased and thus re-written multiple times. The wavelength used by standard DVD lasers is 650 nm.

DVD-Video and DVD-Audio discs correspondingly refer to properly formatted and structured video and audio content. Other types of DVDs, including those with video content, may be referred to as DVD-Data discs. The term "DVD" is commonly misused to refer to high definition ocular disc formats in general, such as Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD. As a result, the original DVD is sometimes called SD DVD.

Human Skull

In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 22 bones. Except for the mandible, all of the bones of the skull are joined together by sutures, firm articulations permitting very little movement. Eight bones form the neurocranium (braincase)-including frontal, parietals, occipital, sphenoid, temporals and ethmoid-, a protecting jump surrounding the brain. Fourteen bones form the splanchnocranium, the bones supporting the face. Encased within the earthly bones are the six ear ossicles of the middle ears, though these are not part of the skull. The hyoid bone, supporting the tongue, is usually not considered as part of the skull either, as it does not articulate with any other bones. The skull is a defender of the brain.

The skull contains the sinus cavities, which are air-filled cavities lined with respiratory epithelium, which also lines the large airways. The exact functions of the sinuses are unclear; they may contribute to decreasing the weight of the skull with a minimal decrease in strength,or they may be important in improving the significance of the voice. In some animals, such as the elephant, the sinuses are extensive. The elephant skull needs to be very large, to form an attachment for muscles of the neck and trunk, but is also unexpectedly light; the comparatively small brain-case is surrounded by large sinuses which reduce the weight. The meninges are the three layers, or membranes, which surround the structures of the on edge system. They are known as the dura mater, the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. Other than being classified together, they have little in common with each other.

In humans, the anatomical position for the skull is the Frankfurt plane, where the lower margins of the orbits and the upper borders of the ear canals are all in a horizontal plane. This is the position where the question is standing and looking directly forward. For judgment, the skulls of other species, notably primates and hominids, may sometimes be studied in the Frankfurt plane. However, this does not always equate to a natural posture in life.

A Solar Cell

A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a mechanism that converts solar energy into energy by the photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaics is the field of expertise and research related to the application of solar cells as solar energy. Sometimes the term solar cell is reserved for devices intended expressly to confine energy from sunlight, while the term photovoltaic cell is used when the source is undetermined.

Assemblies of cells are used to make solar modules, which may in turn be linked in photovoltaic arrays.

Solar cells have many applications. Individual cells are used for powering small devices such as electronic calculators. Photovoltaic arrays create a form of renewable electricity, particularly useful in situations where electrical power from the framework is unavailable such as in remote area power systems, Earth-orbiting satellites and space probes, remote radiotelephones and water pumping applications. Photovoltaic electricity is also increasingly deployed in grid-tied electrical systems.

India

India is a independent nation in Asia, or more distinctively, South Asia. It is the seventh largest country by geological area, the second most populous country, and the most populous democratic state in the world. Bound by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east, India has a coastline of 7,517 kilometers (4,671 mi). It borders Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka, Maldives, and Indonesia.

Home to the Indus dale development and a region of historic trade routes and huge empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four major world religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated here, while Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam arrived in the first millennium CE and shaped the region's diverse culture. Increasingly annexed by the British East India Company from the early eighteenth century and colonised by the United Kingdom from the mid-nineteenth century, India became a modern nation-state in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by widespread peaceful resistance.

India is the world's twelfth largest economy at market exchange rates and the third largest economy in purchasing rule. Economic reforms have distorted it into the second fastest growing large economy; however, it still suffers from high levels of poverty, illiteracy, starvation and environmental degradation. A pluralistic, multi-lingual, and multi-ethnic society, India is also home to a multiplicity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.

Papaya

The papaya is a fruit of the tree. It is a small tree, the single stem growing from 5 to 10 m tall, with spirally set leaves confined to the top of the trunk, the lower trunk is obviously scarred where leaves and fruit were borne. The leaves are large, 50-70 cm width, deeply palmately lobed with 7 lobes. The tree is typically unbranched if unlopped. The flowers are similar in shape to the flowers of the Plumeria but are much slighter and wax like. They appear on the axils of the leaves, maturing into the large 15-45 cm long and 10-30 cm diameter fruit. The fruit is ripe when it feels soft and its skin has attained amber to orange hue. The fruit's taste is vaguely similar to pineapple and peach, although much milder without the tartness, creamier, and more fragrant, with a texture of a little over-ripened cantaloupe.

The primary use of the papaya is as an safe to eat fruit. The ripe fruit is generally eaten raw, without the skin or seeds. The unripe green fruit of papaya can be eaten ripe, usually in curries, salads and stews

Resistance

Electrical resistance is a compute of the degree to which an object opposes an electric current through it. The SI unit of electrical resistance is the ohm. Its reciprocal quantity is electrical conductance calculated in siemens. Electrical resistance shares some conceptual parallels with the mechanical notion of friction.

The resistance of an object determines the amount of current through the object for a known voltage across the object I=V/R, where R is the resistance of the object, measured in ohms, equivalent to J•s/C2, V is the voltage across the object, measured in volts, I is the current through the object, measured in amperes. In metals, the Fermi level lies in the conduction band giving rise to free transfer electrons. However, in semiconductors the position of the fermi level is within the band gap, closely half way between the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum for intrinsic semiconductors.