Elephant

Elephantidae (the elephants) is a relation of pachyderm, and the only remaining family in the sort Proboscidea in the class Mammalia. Elephantidae has three living species: the African Bush Elephant, the African Forest Elephant (until recently known communally as the African Elephant), and the Asian Elephant (also known as the Indian Elephant). Other species have become extinct since the last ice age, which ended about 10,000 years ago.

Elephants are mammals and the largest land animals alive today. The elephant's gestation era is 22 months, the longest of any land animal. At birth it is ordinary for an elephant calf to weigh 120 kg (265 lb). An elephant may live as long as 70 years, sometimes longer. The largest elephant ever recorded was shot in Angola in 1956. It was male and weighed about 12,000 kg (26,400 lb). The least elephants, about the size of a calf or a large pig, were a prehistoric variant that lived on the island of Crete until 5000 BC, possibly 3000 BC.

Elephants are increasingly vulnerable by human intrusion. Between 1970 and 1989, the African elephant population plunged from 1.3 million to about 600,000 in 1989; the current population is estimated to be between 400,000 and 660,000. The elephant is now a secluded species worldwide, placing restrictions on capture, domestic use, and trade in products such as ivory. It has long been known that the African and Asian elephants are split species. African elephants tend to be larger than the Asian species (up to 4 m high and 7500 kg) and have bigger ears.

Male and female African elephants have extended tusks, while male and female Asian Elephants have shorter tusks, with tusks in females being approximately non-existent. African elephants have a dipped back, smooth forehead and two "fingers" at the tip of their trunks, as compared with the Asian species which have an arched back, two humps on the forehead and have only one "finger" at the tip of their trunks.